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5.1  Arithmetic Operators

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As expected, the multiplication '*' and division '/' operators have precedence over the addition '+' and subtraction '-' operators.  The modulus operator '%' produces the remainder when its integer operands divide each other.  No exponentiation operator is provided. The standard math library function pow() serves this purpose*.

One source of occasional programming errors is that arithmetic operations involving only integer values produce an integer result.  In the following example, the float variable f is initialized with the value 0 whereas g is assigned 0.5 (recall that constants must contain a decimal point to be considered as floating-point numbers).

    float  f = 1/2;          /* assigns 0 to f */
    float  g = 1./2.;

The unary (one-operand) negation operator '-' has higher precedence than the foregoing operators, as do the unary increment '++' and decrement '--' operators.  These last operators are a shorthand for assigning the value of a variable incremented or decremented by 1 to the same variable.  As with other assignment operators, the change to the value of the variable is considered a "side effect", since

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pow() function

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pow() function - p193